The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported a significant increase in syphilis cases among adults aged 15-49 in the Americas, including the Caribbean.
Between 2020 and 2022, the region saw a 30 per cent surge in new cases, with a global rise of over one million cases in 2022 alone, totaling eight million.
The recent WHO report, titled “Implementing the global health sector strategies on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2022–2030”, highlights the Americas as the current global epicenter of the syphilis epidemic.
The region accounts for 42 per cent of all new cases, equating to about 3.37 million cases, or 6.5 cases per 1000 people.
Factors fueling the epidemic
Several factors contribute to the rise in syphilis infections, including a lack of awareness about the disease, disparities in access to healthcare, and inadequate diagnostics and treatment.
Additionally, the stigma associated with sexually transmitted diseases continues to hinder individuals from seeking medical assistance.
The feasibility of elimination
The Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO) believes that eliminating syphilis and congenital syphilis is feasible through a comprehensive approach that includes widespread political commitment and accelerated efforts.
The silent threat
Many individuals with syphilis may be asymptomatic or fail to notice their symptoms, which poses a significant challenge in controlling the spread.
If untreated, syphilis can lead to severe health complications, including brain and cardiovascular diseases.
Impact on pregnant women and newborns
There has been a notable increase in syphilis cases among pregnant women, with a 28 per cent rise over the past two years.
This increase has led to a surge in congenital syphilis cases, with an estimated 68,000 babies born with syphilis in 2022, far exceeding WHO targets.
Strengthening prenatal care and awareness
Dr. Sylvain Aldighieri, Director of PAHO’s Department for the Prevention, Control and Elimination of Communicable Diseases, emphasized the importance of enhancing prenatal care services.
This includes universal syphilis testing for pregnant women and prompt, adequate treatment for those testing positive and their partners.
Ongoing efforts and future strategies
PAHO recommends continuous public education on syphilis, its transmission routes, and preventive measures. This includes rapid testing for early diagnosis and timely treatment with penicillin.
Efforts are also being made to strengthen surveillance and build healthcare capacity in managing syphilis, particularly in prenatal care services.
Towards elimination by 2030
Syphilis and congenital syphilis are part of PAHO’s Elimination Initiative, which targets the eradication of 30 diseases and conditions by 2030.
The initiative has already seen progress, with 11 countries and territories in the Americas certified for eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV and/or syphilis since 2015.
Global discussions and actions
The findings and strategies outlined in the WHO report will be a major topic of discussion at the upcoming 77th World Health Assembly, set to take place from May 27 to June 1, 2024, in Geneva, Switzerland.
This gathering will play a crucial role in shaping future responses to the syphilis crisis in the Americas and beyond.
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