A recent research letter released by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has revealed that the southeastern United States may be grappling with “endemic” levels of leprosy.
Leading the outbreak is the state of Florida, identified as the origin of almost a fifth of all US leprosy cases, according to the CDC. When an infection is endemic in a certain region, it means that it remains present at a steady and predictable level.
Leprosy spreads through extended contact with an infected person.
Reports are that experts blame Armadillos for the disease’s transmission. These barrel-shaped mammals, frequently spotted throughout Florida, are the only known animals capable of spreading leprosy, according to the CDC.
The exact transmission method of leprosy among humans remains unclear. However, it is recommended that people avoid interaction with both infected individuals and armadillos.
Specifically, Central Florida emerges as the hotspot within the state, responsible for a staggering 81per cent of the state’s cases, the research letter highlights.
Leprosy: An ancient disease still causing damage today
Hansen’s disease, commonly known as leprosy, is a historical affliction with the potential to harm the skin and nervous system. The disease can be attributed to a bacteria, Mycobacterium leprae, which assails the nerves and results in sensation loss in impacted areas.
Neglected cases of leprosy can lead to a host of complications, including blindness, ulcers, deformities, among other issues.
The disease’s grim history can be traced back to 600 B.C., with the disease being so feared and devastating that isolation treatments were implemented on remote islands off Hawaii, Louisiana, and Massachusetts coasts to minimize exposure.
The role of modern medicine in treating leprosy
Yet, with the strides of modern medicine, a cure for leprosy has been discovered, and the disease can now be managed with antibiotics. Prompt diagnosis, however, remains crucial, as antibiotics cannot mend nerve damage.
Within the US, leprosy predominantly affects immigrants (80-90 per cent), particularly those hailing from Mexico, as stated by the Florida Department of Health.
The disease remains a rarity, with 95 per cent of the global population naturally immune to leprosy.
Despite this, the CDC reports that the disease has left up to 2 million individuals permanently disabled.
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